Wednesday, September 26, 2007

Assignment # 4

Part 1:

-'Blue Screen of Death' means there might be a problem with your RAM
-Turn on computer and nothing happens
-The computer comes on, but nothing appears on your monitor.
-Computer can't find C: Drive , your computer might have a bad hard drive.
-Older games won't run on newer versions of Windows.
-Mouse has trouble moving to the left.
-Setup can't find a CD-ROM.
-The task bar has dissapeared.
-Keyboard beeps when you attempt to type.
-The system sends you messages that say your too short on memory.

Part 2:
VIRUS ALERT!!!
insert jump drive into usb port
copy all necessary files to jump drive
install fresh copy of operating system
copy files from jump drive to PC

Friday, September 21, 2007

Assignment # 3

The theory of electricity: a general term referring to a variety if phenomena resulting from the presence and flow of electric charge.
Conductor: any material that easily permits the flow of electric current.
Insulator: an object that supports or separates electrical conductors without passing current through itself.
Voltage: the difference of electrical potential between two points of an electrical / electronic circuit.

The two voltages most commonly used by computer components are 120V and 230V.

Current: the flow (movement) of electric charge.
1-10-100 Rule: the cost to fix a defect increases exponentially the later it is identified.

You can calculate the amount of current running through a current by either using an ammeter or using the formula
I=V/R (Current = voltage/ resistance)

AC and DC: Alternating current (AC) is an electrical current whose magnitude and direction vary, while direct current (DC) stays constant.
Electric Power: the rate at which electrical energy is transferred.
Resistance: a measure of the degree of which an object opposes an electric current through it.
Impedance: like resistance except it occurs with alternating current.

Human Body's Resistance Capability is 0.1 A before it becomes fatal.

5 Safety Precautions You Can Take To Avoid Electric Shock: Make sure equipment is turned off
before moving, make sure equipment is well grounded, make sure tools are well insulated, make sure all electrical equipment covers are secured when your not working with it, and make sure you’re well grounded.

Static Electricity: is the build-up of electrons on an object. It is dangerous to humans as enough of it can cause a heart attack, while computers can be wiped by a static jump.

To avoid static build-up you should don’t wear wool, don’t drag your feet while walking on carpet, don’t wear rubber shoes, use dryer sheets, and keep the air in your house humid.

To avoid static discharge you should keep hands well moisturised, wear leather shoes, tap metal surfaces with knuckles versus using your fingers, wear a metal thimble (keeping it contact with your skin at all times), and/or carry a coin to touch metal surfaces with first.

Two things that are found in the ESD- prevention kit are a grounding wire strap and a rubber mat.

The job of the PC power supply is to convert AC power into DC power sop the computer can use it.

Specific Power Supply Requirements
For a motherboard:
240V-300V
For memory chips: use 5-10 watts
For a CPU: 45 watts
For a hard drive: 1 amp of 12 Volts
For a CD-ROM drive: 360 watts
For a floppy drive: 10-20 watts

The motherboard is the component that the power light goes on when it gets power. Without this the computer couldn’t run.

Molex connectors supply power to hard drive, Berg connectors supply power to floppy disk drives, and an ATA power connector connects power from the power supply to the serial connectors in the computer.








Bibliography

http://blog.softwareprojects.org/the-110100-rule-6.html
http://computer.howstuffworks.com/power-supply.htm
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternating_current
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conductor
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_resistance
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_current
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_power
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electricity
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insulator
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_supply
http://www.bbc.co.uk/dna/h2g2/A6378744
http://www.newton.dep.anl.gov/askasci/phy00/phy00367.htm
http://www.ptub.com/content /et/14086/css/14086_35.htm

Thursday, September 13, 2007

Assignment # 2

Central Processing Unit (CPU): in a digital computer it is the component that is capable of executing a program.
Memory Module Format (SIMM or DIMM): a small circuit board that holds memory chips. SIMM means a single in-line memory module, while DIMM is a dual in-line memory module.
Motherboard: the central or primary circuit board that makes up a complex electronic system
Random Access Memory (RAM): a type of data storage used in computers

Data Storage Devices:

Hard Disk Drive (HDD): a non-volatile storage device which stores encoded data on rapidly rotating platters that have magnetic surfaces.
CD/DVD Drive: a drive that reads CD-ROMs, which are compact disks, used for storage.
Floppy Disk Drive: another kind of data storage device, which comes encased in a hard rectangular case.

Devices:

Heat Sink: absorbs and dissipates heat from another object through thermal contact.
Expansion Bus : a collection of wires, which allow a computer to expand
Expansion Card: a printed circuit board that can be inserted into the computer’s motherboard in the expansion slot.Video Card: generates and outputs images to a display.
Power Supply and Adapter: a power supply is the source of energy, and an adapter is a device which matches different physical or electrical characteristics of two different things to make a connection between them.

Essential Peripherals:

Monitor: displays images generated by the computer
Keyboard: peripheral partial modeled after the typewriter keyboard.
Mouse: a pointing device that detects a two-dimensional motion relative to its supporting surface.
Printer (laser): a device that rapidly produces high quality text and graphics on plain paper.
Speakers: externally equipped to a computer, it has a low-power internal amplifier.
Microphone:

Tuesday, September 11, 2007

Assignment #1

Timeline of the Computer - Assignment # 1
1936
Invented in 1936, the Z1 computer was the first freely programmable computer. Konrad Zuse, a German engineer, was the person who invented it. In the same year the Dvorak keyboard was developed.
1939 Several years later, in 1939, Professor John Vincent Atanasoff and Clifford Berry (a graduate student) began work on the ABC (Atansoff- Berry Computer).In the year 1939, Hewlett-Packard formed. Their initial product, the HP 200A Oscillator, was a quickly popular piece of equipment for many (especially engineers
1941 Konrad Zuse completes the Z3 computer in 1941. In the same year the first Bombe was finished. The Bombe was a way of decrypting military communications of the Nazis. . Many Bombes were built, which greatly improved the Allied forces intelligence gathering and processing. During this time the ENIAC’s development was started also.
1942 After three years the ABC is finally completed. Despite the three years of work put into the ABC it was never fully-functional
1943 Many military computer programs were started in 1943. One such program was The Relay Interpolator (later called the Bells Labs Model II). This one was completed during this year to help test the M-9 Gun Director by Bells Labs. Another such military project at this time was Project Whirlwind. It was an idea to build a flight simulator to train bomber crews. After finding the initial computer to be inaccurate and inflexible they decided on building a new digital computer.
1944 The first Colossus was operational in 1944, despite not being presented to the public until the 1970s. It was designed to break complex ciphers used by the Nazis by the British engineer Tommy Flowers. The machine allowed the ciphers to be broken in hours instead of weeks.
1945 In 1945, the "First Draft of a Report on the EDVAC" was written by John von Neumann. In the document he outlined the architecture of a stored-program computer. Eliminating the need for more clumsy methods, this significantly changed the development of mainstream computers.
1946 After three years of hard work by John Mauchly and J. Presper Eckert the ENIAC for finally completed. Compared to its contemporaries it had 1000 times the speed.
1949 The first practical stored-program computer emerged. It was known as the EDSAC and was put together by Maurice Wilkes at Cambridge University. Also completed in this year was the Manchester Mark I computer.
1950 The first commercially produced computer was brought to the public. It was called the ERA 1101, built by the Engineering Research Associates of Minneapolis. The National Bureau of Standards constructed both the SEAC and the SWAC. The SEAC is important to computer because it was the first computer to use all-diode logic. This logic eliminated more clumsy methods such as vacuum tubes.
1951 England’s produced their first commercial computer, the LEO( Lyons Electronic Office). This solved many cleric problems, and Lyons soon went into business manufacturing computers for the increasing number of demands for data processing systems. The UNIVAC I became the first commercial computer to gain widespread attention from the public.
1953 The 701, IBM’s first electronic computer was shipped.
1954 The first mass-produces computer was the IBM 650 magnetic drum calculator.
1956 The first general purpose, programmable computer was built by MIT researchers and was known as the TX-0.
1958 Linking hundreds or radar stations across North America, SAGE was one of the first large-scale computer communications network. Japan produced its country’s first electronic computer, the NEAC.
1959 IBM’s first transistorized computers came out in the 7000 series. These were top of the line computers and as such were significantly faster and more dependable.
1960 The PDP-1 emerged as the precursor to the minicomputer. It didn’t need air conditioning and only needed one operator.
1961 IBM introduced the 1400 series, these computers had the vacuum tube replaced by more smaller and more reliable transistors. It also used a magnetic core memory.
1962 The first real time laboratory data processing was offered by the LINC9 Laboratory Instrumentation Computer).
1964 IBM introduced family of six mutually compatible computers that could work together. This was known as the System/360. CDC introduced the 6600 supercomputer. Its processing speed was three times faster than its competition.
1965 The first commercially successful minicomputer was introduced by the Digital Equipment Corp. , and was known as the PDP-8.
1966 The ILLIAC IV achieved a computing speed of 200 million operations per second. The Department of Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency had been assigned with the job of designing and building it. Hewlett-Packard started a general-purpose computer business, when it introduced the HP-2115. It had a computing power that had previously only been found in much larger computers.
1968 The Data General Corp. introduced the Nova. Making its debut orbiting the Earth on the Apollo 7 was the Apollo Guidance Computer. In 1969 the same computer system steered the Apollo 11 to the moons surface.
1971 The first personal computer, the Kenbak-1, went on sale.
1972 Hewlett-Packard introduced the HP-35 which was said to be "a fast, extremely accurate electronic slide rule".
1973 A microprocessor, the Micral, was the earliest commercial, non-kit personal computer.
1974 The Alto became the first computer to have a work station with a built-in mouse for input. AS well it had menus and icons, and could run several files at the same time. The 8H computer was the first computer advertized commercially in the U.S.
1975 The first implementation of a memory-mapped alphanumeric video display for personal computers came in the VDM prototype. This visual display module allowed games to be played on personal computers. The first fault tolerant computer, the Tandem-16, was produced by Tandem.
1976 The fastest computer to this date was the Cray I, reducing the length of wires and time signals travelling through them. It is now known as the first commercially successful vector processor.
1977 The instant success of the Apple II when it was released in 1977 could’ve been attributed to its printed circuit motherboard, keyboard, cassette tape with computer games or one of the many other special additions that came with it.
1978 The VAX 11/780 from DEC, provided hundreds times more capacity of most minicomputers of the age.
1979 Atari introduced their Model 800 and 400 Computers. These were developed as both gaming computers as well as home computers.
1981 IBM produced its PC, causing a fast growth of the personal computer market. The first portable computer was completed by Adam Osbourne and was known as the Osbourne I.
1982 The Cray XMP doubled the operating speed of competing computers. The Commodore 64 was extremely popular and is considered the greatest selling single computer model of all time.
1983 The Lisa was produced , which was the first personal computer to have graphical user interface. It high price eventually led to its failure. The first PC clone was introduced by Compaq Computer Corp. Compaq recorded record sales for a single year for an American business.
1984 The first successful mouse-driven computer was produced. This was the Apple Computer, and though it had features similar to the Lisa, it was more affordable.
1985 The Amiga 1000 featured audio and video capabilities far beyond those of most personal computers.
1987 The PS/2 machine was introduced by IBM. This made the 3 1/2–inch floppy disk drive, and also video graphics a standard for IBM computers.
1988 Steve Jobs revealed the NeXt and it was a failure due to its slowness. Even though it was considered a failure, it was also considered an important innovation. This was because of the fact that it was the first personal computer to have a drive for optical storage disk, as well as voice recognition and object-oriented languages.
1989 The first pen-based computer was introduced. GRiD Systems Corporation produced this in 1989.
1990 A completely new version of Windows came out from Microsoft. This was the Windows 3.0.
1991 On August 6, 1991 the World Wide Web was launched.
1992 Microsoft produced the Windows 3.1, which was extremely popular.
1993 Over 50 computer companies created Energy Star guidelines. These guidelines aimed to decrease the amount of power used in a PC while it is not being used.
1994 The internet posts its first banner ad on the site Hotwired.com.
1995 Hotmail is created by Jack Smith and Sabeer Bhatia.
1996 Google emerges onto the web.
1997 Bill gates becomes the world’s most richest businessman off of his company Microsoft.
1998 The iMac was introduced by Apple, which makes Apple computer known as a very easy and friendly computer.
1999 Microsoft obtained Access software on April 19th.
2000 The Y2K bug causes mass terror, but luckily there was few problems.
2001 The X-Box was introduced by Bill Gates early in the year.
2002 Ebay acquired PayPal.
2003 The spybot worm infected its first computer in mid-April.
2004 Gmail is introduced by Google.
2005 YouTube is introduced.
2006 The first HD DVD was put into a computer, which was the Toshiba Qosmio 35.
2007 The Iphone was introduced by Apple computers in January.

Bibliography

http://inventors.about.com/library/blcoindex.htm
http://www.computerhistory.org/timeline/?category=cmptr
http://www.computerhope.com/history/19902000.htm

Thursday, September 6, 2007

Lab Log Entry # 1
What I want to get out of this course is a basic understanding of how a computer works and how they communicate with other computers. I have not yet switched into the course but I am considering it as a possibility to fill in my spare. This is because I’d like to understand computers better as in the future computers would become an even more important part of our lives then it is today. I do not know how or if I will have much to contribute to this ‘student driven’ course. I have experience with the internet and Adobe InDesign. I know how to use the Internet efficiently and how to modify and edit pictures, as well as format pages using a computer. I am not too good with all the electrical thingys and how to program things.